Bachelor of Science (BS) · Leiden University
Petra graduated in IRO at Leiden University and is focusing on Aerospace Law, EU Law, and Telecommunications Law before starting her Master's in September 2025. She developed a strong interest in space affairs, viewing space as a unique arena to advance diplomacy amid rising political polarization and growing influence of private entrepreneurs.
Q: Does the shift from the state-led Apollo program to the Artemis program represent a decline in U.S. state capacity or a strategic adaptation? A: While Apollo demonstrated state-led mobilization, Artemis exercises capacity through market-shaping, coordinating private innovation, and managing in…
1. Can economic partnerships between the US and Gulf states based on technological exchange be broadened to incorporate space technologies and joint strategy? 2. There are already several joint partnerships and ventures between the parties emphasising space defence, technological interoperability…
Insights from the Pulse Z Youth Festival
Why is Europe still vulnerable in space despite its relevance? Europe’s defence remains nationally fragmented, with divergent doctrines, weak shared situational awareness (SSA), slow attribution, and uncoordinated capabilities. Strengthening coordinated SSA, shared response standards, and joint c…
There is an immediate need for a thorough, multifaceted strategy to security that incorporates international collaboration, regulatory restrictions, technical standards, and moral principles for AI space cybersecurity. There is an immediate need for a thorough, multifaceted strategy to security t…
In this brief, we ask what China’s strategic ambitions are in the Arctic and by what means they are being pursued. We argue that China is pursuing an expansive foreign policy and is gaining influence in the Arctic, particularly through financial investment. We come to the conclusion that China is…
1. How should the international community respond to emerging threats of nuclear weapons in space, particularly amid claims of Russian development? 2. Though unlikely to be used, nuclear weapons in space remain a concern due to legal loopholes and dual-use technologies. 3. Space-based nuclear thr…