Master of Arts (MA) · European Academy of Diplomacy
Delfina Ertanowska holds an MA in Journalism and Social Communication from UITM and an Executive Diploma in the Art of Diplomacy (EDAD) from the European Academy of Diplomacy. A media and hybrid warfare specialist, she has spent eight years researching Russian propaganda, visual communication, and social media as tools of hybrid warfare and PSYOP in Ukraine, Romania, and Kosovo. She is an expert in hybrid warfare, political science, and international relations, and speaks five languages.
In an era of rapidly developing social media, cyber threats such as manipulation, fake news, and disinformation are also expanding as elements of planned psychological and information campaigns—tools of hybrid warfare used to build influence and sustain autocratic power. The article describes coo…
1. Main Question: How does Russian digital diplomacy and PSYOPS influence politics and security in Central-Eastern Europe? 2. Argument: Russia leverages social media, memes, fake news, and AI tools as part of hybrid warfare to polarize societies, manipulate elections, and destabilize NATO’s easte…
